福安佛塔位于坤区市中心,建于1576年。当时,佛教在老挝迅速发展,。
这些史前巨石每年吸引了成千上万的游客到该省。
世界遗产委员会正在考虑将石臼平原列为世界遗产名录,因为它是为研究东南亚大陆的史前末期最重要的地点之一。与石臼相关的丧葬活动包括火葬和二次埋葬,这表明当时在仪式,象征主义和形而上学方面的当地传统已经高度发展。这些一直持续到吴哥时代的各个王国,甚至延续到印度教和佛教哲学进入东南亚之后。
历史
在石臼平原上发现的史前材料仍有待研究,但显然这些材料跨越了相当长的一段时间,有些可最早追溯到公元前2000年。然而,大部分考古材料以及石臼本身出现的时间要晚得多,可追溯到公元前500年至公元500至800年的铁器时代。与石臼平原考古最接近的考古发现似乎是越南东山、柬埔寨三隆盛和泰国东北部呵叻高原的青铜和铁器时代材料。与当今的岘港市,以及印度东北部存在巨石坛的印度东北北部卡查尔山丘的遗址也有相似之处。所有这些相似的发掘点都可以追溯到大约同一时期。它们共同构成了一个由贸易商横穿的大片东南亚高地的拼图,其中以川圹高原为中心。
泰潘族是笃信佛教的泰-老民族,从今天的中国南部迁徙而来,到13世纪,他们已经在石臼平原形成了一个独立的公国,受益于金属和林产品的陆路贸易而蓬勃发展。
在14世纪中叶,孟帕安(Muang Phouan )在法昂(Fan Ngum )的统治下并入了澜沧(Lane Xang)王国,尽管帕安(Phouan)保留了高度自治权。暹罗于1770年代将控制权扩大到湄公河以东的老挝领土后,孟帕安成为暹罗的附庸国,同时还与戴越(越南)保持了朝贡关系。
随后被成为“回族” (Haw)的中国掠夺者的入侵,掠夺了琅勃拉邦和川圹,1890年的佛朗哥暹罗条约(Franco-Siamese treaties)将川圹置于殖民统治之下,成为法属印度支那的一部分,直到第二次世界大战后的短暂时期。
在1960年代至1970年代初在老挝肆虐的第二次印度支那战争中,川圹由于其战略重要性而遭受了严重的空袭和激烈的地面战斗。这场冲突留下了致命遗产:未爆炸弹药(UXO),至今尚待清除。
一号石臼遗址或通海欣(Thong Hai Hin )是最受欢迎的景点,位于丰沙湾西南8公里处,可以乘嘟嘟车或骑自行车轻松到达。该站点有334个石臼,其中包括最大的单体石臼,-据说是昆杰旺国王(King Khoun Cheuang)的胜利杯。在第二次印度支那战争期间,这里也具有战略重要性。在两个凸起区域和洞穴顶部可以发现战壕、伪装孔、防空掩体和坦克刮痕。几个弹坑和损坏或移位的石臼证明了该地区曾发生激烈战斗。
二号石臼遗址或海欣普萨拉托(Hai Hin Phu Salato)位于丰沙湾西南约20公里处。该地点包含92个石臼,分布在两个相邻的山丘上。您可以在山的东边更远些的地方参观一个座遭劫掠过的佛塔。
三号石臼遗址或海欣拉凯(Hai Hin Lat Khai)有8个石臼群,位于班川地(Ban Xieng Di)附近,在二号遗址以南约10公里处。最主要的石臼群有150个石臼,位于风景秀丽的山丘上,那里,您可以欣赏到周围平原和稻田的美景。
普坑(Phou Keng)石臼采石场位于丰沙湾镇西北15公里处。这里是记录到的最大采石场(约20公顷),是一号遗址的石臼的来源。普坑采石场可以追溯到不同的时期。但是,在1960年代,第二次印度支那战争期间,普坑作为战略军事基地为老挝人民重新获得了石臼平原作出了贡献了。该地区在战争期间遭到轰炸,该地点尚未完全清除未爆弹药,限制了进一步调查。
在1969年的第二次印度支那战争期间,人们在谭派避难。然而,一枚由保皇党飞机发射的火箭弹杀死了数百个避难者。其悲惨的历史,给谭派洞美丽的风景和质朴的乡村环境添上了几多苦涩。
坤区位于丰沙湾东南3公里处。这个城镇曾经是皇家首都-佩安王国(Pheuan Kingdom)的中心。
尽管该镇在战争中遭到轰炸,但仍有几座法国殖民建筑以及拥有大型坐佛的思芬(Si Phoum)庙幸存下来。在郊区,耸立在城市上空的古老佛塔和建筑物周围的景色非常值得一游。在距这个旧首都几公里外的帕(Phai)村附近, 有一个石臼遗址,与其它三个主要的石臼遗址不同,这里的石臼是用花岗岩制成的。
菲阿瓦特神庙(Phiavat Temple)始建于1564年,并于1582年进行了扩建。1966年,这座神庙被T28飞机的炮火摧毁,如今,仅存这座建筑的支柱与佛像相伴。
穹菲佛塔与福安佛塔建在同一时期,并毗邻而建。建造穹菲佛塔旨在提倡佛教价值观,激发真理,教化清明。佛教的核心信念是,只有功德(即善行,保持道德和尊重)才能带来幸福、进步和繁荣。战争期间,该佛塔在1966年几乎被完全摧毁。
川圹省立博物馆于2018年10月开放,旨在增进对川圹省历史和文化的欣赏和理解。该博物馆有一个内容丰富且引人入胜的永久性展览,重点关注老挝川圹省的考古、历史和当今文化。博物馆考古学展览的一个显着特点是与国际考古学家和自然资源保护者团队合作研究了石臼平原。它于2019年被列为老挝的第三个联合国教科文组织世界遗产。老挝语和英语双语解说的四部短片,向人们重点展示了这些故事。展览文字均以老挝语和英语呈现。所有参观门票费都为博物馆的运营提供资金。博物馆的商店出售川圹制造的产品,以支持本地生产者。
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