Limestone peaks form a beautiful landscape around Viengxay. But hidden in these rocky crags are networks of caves which were at the center of a vital period in Lao and World history - caves through which we can learn much about the Lao national struggle for independence and the international communist movement.

During the second half of the 20th Century, political developments in Laos were influential in the future of the whole region. In the 1960s, the United States believed that Laos was a crucial area to stop communist expansion, thereby dragging Laos into the war between the US and Vietnamese communists. In 1964, the US began intensive bombing of the Lao communist movement - Pathet Lao - base area in Xieng Khouang.

The Pathet Lao moved East to Viengxay and their headquarters were nestled within these limestone karst cave networks during their struggle with the American-backed Royal Lao Government. In these caves, the Pathet Lao established a ‘hidden city’ which supported a population of around 20,000 people.

For nine years of almost constant bombardment, the population sought shelter in the caves and surrounding jungle, and had to carry out much of their daily lives under cover of darkness. The caves had essential services such as school, hospital, and markets as well as government ministries, a radio station and military barracks.

Some of the hundreds of caves used have been preserved and are open to visitors. The daily struggle for survival and diplomatic exchanges between Pathet Lao and communist party leaders worldwide are evident in photographs and mementos that can be seen in the caves and in the Viengxay Caves visitor center. A stop audio tour is available from the Kaysone Phomvihane Memorial Cave Office.

In the early 14th century, Houaphanh was home to the Bon Man Kingdom. However, it was invaded by the Vietnamese in 1478 and became the Tran Ninh Territory of the Dai Viet Kingdom whose capital is located at current-day Xam Neua. This territory was returned to Laos by the French colonial authorities in 1893. In the 1900s, an extensive network was formed in the Viengxay cave by the Pathet Lao, insightful glimpses of the Indochinese Wars’ history can be found in the cave.

Houaphanh has three seasons:

- Cool-dry (November to February). During this time of the year, the average temperature hovers around 20C. The temperature may drop as low as 11C especially in the months of December and January. The temperature may also soar as high as 27C as it approaches the hot-dry season. It is advisable to bring along warm clothing to wear during the cool-dry season. One should also take note that temperature drops rapidly especially after sunset. However, this is the best period to visit Houaphanh due to its cool and comfortable temperature. One could also visit Viengthong hot springs to warm up during this season.

- Hot-dry (March to April). During this period, the average temperature hovers around 27C. The temperature may drop as low as 15C especially at the beginning of the hot-dry season and may soar as high as 33C as it approaches the rainy season. One should stay hydrated and under shade to stay healthy in this hot period.

- Rainy-season (May to October). During this season, the average temperature hovers around 24C. The temperature may soar as high as 33C especially in the beginning of the season but cools down as it approaches cool-dry season. The temperature may drop as low as 16C as it approaches the end of the rainy season. Rainfall is heaviest in the month of July and August. It is advisable to bring along an umbrella or raincoat to shelter against the rain.

Transportation from other Provinces to Houanphanh

Transportation from Houanphanh to other Provinces                     

Getting around Houaphanh

A good way to travel around the province is through Sawng taew (Pickup trucks with benches) which can be hired in district centres. Another way is to rent bicycles which costs $1 to $2 a day. Motorbikes can also be rented but only in Xam Neua.

A schedule can be seen below for more information on transportation.